Process control can seem abstract when it is reduced to loops, sensors, setpoints, and controller outputs. The “tears and beer” analogy makes those ideas…
Modern water resource recovery facilities depend on automation to keep pumps, blowers, valves, chemical systems, and process equipment operating within safe…
Managing a dewatered biosolids hauling contract requires more than arranging trucks and approving invoices. A well-run program coordinates treatment-plant…
A new water recycling facility can strengthen Los Angeles’ local water supply, reduce dependence on imported water, and make better use of treated municipal…
Activated sludge looks like a brown, cloudy mixture, but under a microscope it is a highly organized microbial community. Bacteria, protozoa, filamentous…
A chlorine contact basin must provide enough effective detention time for disinfection at the plant’s design flow. Its volume alone does not determine…
Tertiary filtration is often the final physical barrier between treated effluent and a receiving water, reuse system, or advanced treatment step. At this…
Sewer lateral inspections generate valuable evidence about private connections, cleanouts, defects, and potential sources of inflow and infiltration. Yet that…