Reliable process control begins with reliable arithmetic. In a treatment plant, two of the most useful calculations are detention time and surface overflow…
Aging sewer systems rarely fail in uniform ways. One neighborhood may experience excessive wet-weather flow because of cracked mains, while another may be…
A process flow diagram, or PFD, is a visual map of how materials, energy, and operating steps move through a treatment or industrial system. In water resource…
Collection system operators protect the first and often most overlooked stage of wastewater treatment. Before sewage reaches a pump station or treatment plant,…
Persistent foam on an aeration basin can look like a cosmetic nuisance, but it often signals a process imbalance. Excessive surface foam may indicate young or…
Dissolved oxygen (DO) probes provide the measurements operators rely on to control aeration, protect biological treatment, and document process performance.…
Polymer conditioning is one of the most influential variables in belt filter press performance. A small dosing error can reduce cake solids, increase filtrate…
Industrial cooling systems consume large volumes of water, particularly at manufacturing facilities, power plants, refineries, food-processing sites, and large…
Reliable wastewater service in the Los Angeles region depends on cooperation across a complex network of public agencies. County sanitation districts, cities,…